CHUKA KEN MINISTRY

In retrospect, a majority vote is when the mass of individual’s vote for the same person.

Voting often takes place at a polling station; but can also be done by electronical voting systems, which has been used in India, Brazil and the Philippines.

Due to countries having different rules about whether or not voting is compulsory, statistics showing how voting has changed will differ.

There are other multi-option procedures as well; these include two-round voting, the alternative vote AV, (which is also known as instant run-off voting IRV, and the single transferable vote STV), approval voting, a Borda Count BC, the Modified Borda Count MBC, and the Condorcet rule, nearly all of which are also used as electoral systems.

Different voting systems use different types of votes.

Plurality voting does not require the winner to achieve a voting majority or more than fifty per cent of the total votes cast.

In a voting system that uses a single vote per race, when more than two candidates run, the winner may commonly have less than fifty per cent of the vote.

A side effect of a single vote per race is vote splitting, which tends to elect candidates that do not support centrism, and tends to produce a two-party system.

To understand why a single vote per race tends to favour less centric candidates, consider a simple lab experiment where students in a class vote for their favourite marble.

If the same percentage of people prefer green as those who prefer red and blue, that is to say, if 33 per cent of the voters prefer green, 33 per cent prefer blue, and 33 per cent prefer red, then each green marble will only get eleven per cent of the vote, while the red and blue marbles will each get 33 per cent, putting the green marbles at a serious disadvantage.

With approval voting, voters are encouraged to vote for as many candidates as they approve of, so the winner is much more likely to be any one of the five marbles because people who prefer green will be able to vote for every one of the green marbles.

A third procedure is a single round instant-runoff voting system (Also referred to as Alternative vote or Single Transferable Vote or Preferential voting) as used in some elections in Australia, the United States and, in its PR format, in Ireland.

If no single candidate has 50% of the vote, then the candidate with the fewest votes is excluded and their votes redistributed according to the voter’s nominated order of preference.

In a voting system that uses multiple votes, the voter can vote for any subset of the alternatives.

Approval voting uses such multiple votes.

In a voting system that uses a ranked vote, the voter has to rank the alternatives in order of preference.

Ranked voting systems, such as those used in Australia and Ireland, use a ranked vote.

In a voting system that uses a scored vote (or range vote), the voter gives each alternative a number between one and ten (the upper and lower bounds may vary).

Some “multiple-winner” systems such as the Single Non-Transferable Vote, SNTV, used in Afghanistan may have a single vote or one vote per elector per available position.

In such a case the elector could vote for Bob and Charlie on a ballot with two votes.

Negative voting allows a vote that expresses disapproval of a candidate.

For explanatory purposes, consider a hypothetical voting system that uses negative voting.

In this system, one vote is allowed, with the choice of either for a candidate or against a candidate.

Each positive vote adds one to a candidate’s overall total, while a negative vote subtracts one, arriving at a net favorability.

Note that not only is a negative total possible, but also, a candidate may even be elected with 0 votes if enough negative votes are cast against their opponents.

Under this implementation, negative voting is no different from a positive voting system, when only two candidates are on the ballot.

However, in the case of three or more candidates, each negative vote for a candidate counts positively towards all of the other candidates.

A-voters, with the clear advantage of 40%, logically vote for Candidate A. B-voters, unconfident of their candidate’s chances, split their votes exactly in half, giving both Candidates A and C 15% each.

Each B-voter decides to vote negatively against their least favourite candidate, with the reasoning that this negative vote allows them to express approval for the two other candidates.

Proxy voting is the type of voting where a registered citizen who can vote passes on his or her vote to a different voter or electorate legitimately.

No Vote!”

It is possible to make a blank vote, carrying out the act of voting, which may be compulsory, without selecting any candidate or option, often as an act of protest.

The method of voting can range from formal submission of written votes, through show of hands, voice voting or audience response systems, to informally noting which outcome seems to be preferred by more people.

According to Robert’s Rules of Order, a widely used guide to parliamentary procedure, the bases for determining the voting result consist of two elements: (1) the percentage of votes that are required for a proposal to be adopted or for a candidate to be elected (e.g. more than half, two-thirds, three-quarters, etc.

An example is a majority vote of the members present and voting.

The voting result could also be determined using a plurality, or the most votes among the choices.In addition, a decision could be made without a formal vote by using unanimous consent.

A voting method is the way in which people cast their votes in an election or referendum.

The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a rising vote, and a show of hands.

Additional forms of voting include a recorded vote and balloting.

Machine voting uses voting machines, which may be manual (e.g. lever machines) or electronic.

Some votes are carried in person if all the people eligible to vote are present.

“Vote” .